The district town Mělník lies in the middle of the Labe lowlands at the confluence of the rivers Labe and Vltava. The Region belongs to the most important agricultural areas of the Czech Republic. The main agricultural plants are fruits, vegetables, potatoes, corn, sugar beet and wine.
In the 5th and 6th century many Slavonic tribes lived here and the tribe of Povans created in Mělník its settlement.
Princess Ludmila, who maried the Bohemian prince Bořivoj, belonged to this
tribe. Denar coins of the princesss Emma are the first demonstration of the existence of Mělník. In November 1274 gained Mělník a town - statute from the king Přemysl Otakar II. and later was Mělník a royal-town, which belonged to Bohemians queens.
The princess Ludmila began with wine-growing in Mělník and later the Roman emperor and Czech king Charles IV. continued in this activity. He brought here the wine from Burgundland. Now the wine-growing is a big tradition in Mělník and every autumn a wine-celebration takes place here.
The Mělník castle belongs to the most important sights of this town. The castle is built in the Renaissance style and the features of this style are the Arcades in the north and south part of the castle and the sgraphitos on the walls. Below the castle there are large wine cellars.
The church St.Peter and Paul faces the Mělník castle. Originaly it was a Romanesque church, which was rebuilt in the Gothic style. The king Vladislav Jagelonský participated in the rebuilt too and that's why the vaults are decorated with the Ietter "W". The church was rebuilt three times and its today's appearance gained it in the third rebuilt in the 16th century. In the north part of the church there is the known Mělník's tower, which together with the church and castle creates the Mělník panorama.
The charnel-house forms another part of the church. Its interior was arranged by anthropologist dr. Jindřich Matiegka.
Behind the chuch there is the building of the old school, which used to belong to the town barriers. There is a restaurant here today with a beautiful view of the river and Hořín park. Near the castle there is the Villa Carola where the town library is located.
Between the castle and libřary there is the statue of Charles IV. created by Josef Max, which the town gained from the knight Jan from Neuberk.
The Mělník square belongs to the important historical sights of this town. In the middle of the square there is the fountain with group of statues called "Wintage" created by Vincent Makovský. On the square there are many originaly Gothic houses rebuilt in the Baroque style. Below them there are are large wine cellars and many houses have original Baroque gables. On the north-eastern part of the square stand the Renaissance city hall and Baroque Kapucín cloister.
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